Anyone can be affected by Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), from teenagers to the elderly, but are UTIs contagious? MoliCare® explains all in this health guide where we explore their causes, symptoms, and the crucial question: are UTIs contagious?
What is a UTI?
MoliCare® explains that a Urinary Tract Infection, also known as a water infection, is a type of infection that can impact any part of the urinary system which includes the kidneys, bladder, and urethra. Although commonly linked to Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria originating from the digestive tract, UTIs can be caused by other bacteria as well. These bacteria, if they move to regions where they are not typically found, can lead to infections.
Types of UTIs
UTIs are categorised based on where the infection is located within the urinary tract:
- Bladder (cystitis): This is the most frequent form of UTI, characterised by an urgent need to urinate, painful urination, and lower abdominal discomfort. The urine may appear cloudy.
- Kidney (pyelonephritis): When the infection spreads from the bladder to the kidneys, symptoms become more severe and include back pain, fever, and nausea.
- Urethra (urethritis): Inflammation of the urethra presents as pain during urination and possible discharge.
Lower vs. Upper UTIs
Sometimes UTIs are referred to as lower or upper UTIs. Lower UTIs involve the bladder and urethra, whereas upper UTIs may involve the ureters and kidneys, potentially leading to more severe conditions like kidney damage or sepsis if left untreated. Prompt medical attention is advised if you suspect a UTI to avoid complications.
Symptoms of UTIs
Recognising the symptoms of a UTI early can lead to quicker treatment and less discomfort. Common symptoms include:
- A frequent urge to pee or urinate, even if the volume is minimal.
- An increased or sudden sense of urgency to pee, which may be harder to control.
- A pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or back.
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
- The presence of blood in the urine which may appear pink, red, or orange.
- General fatigue and fever.
Addressing symptoms early with a healthcare provider can prevent the progression of the infection and reduce the risks of more serious health issues developing.
Are UTIs Contagious?
One common question is whether UTIs are contagious, and the answer is nuanced. You cannot catch a UTI from generally being around other people in the same way that you might catch a cold or flu, but the bacteria causing a UTI can be transferred between individuals during sexual contact. This distinction is crucial in understanding how UTIs occur and how to prevent them.
During sexual contact, bacteria can be transferred from the anal region into the urethra. Sexual activity, particularly without proper hygiene practices, can increase the risk of transferring bacteria that may lead to a UTI. Practices such as maintaining good personal hygiene and urinating before and after intercourse can significantly reduce this risk.
The connection between UTIs and incontinence
There is a notable link between urinary incontinence and an increased risk of UTIs. Incontinence can lead to incomplete emptying of the bladder, creating a breeding ground for bacteria. Additionally, devices used to manage incontinence, such as catheters, can also introduce bacteria into the urinary tract. MoliCare® recommend following good hygiene practices and replacing pads routinely or when needed.
Conversely, having a UTI can lead to temporary incontinence due to the bladder becoming swollen and irritated when infected, which may result in urine leaks. The inflammation can also cause bladder spasms, increasing the urgency to urinate and potentially leading to involuntary leakage. If you are experiencing these symptoms, try MoliCare® Pads for men and women as a short-term solution.
Diagnosing UTIs
Early diagnosis is key to managing UTIs effectively. Healthcare providers typically begin with a urinalysis to check for signs of infection, such as the presence of white blood cells, bacteria, or blood. If needed, a urine culture may be performed to determine the type of bacteria causing the infection, which can guide antibiotic treatment.
Getting Rid of a UTI and Treatment
The primary treatment for UTIs is antibiotics. The type and duration of antibiotic treatment may vary based on the severity of the infection, the type of bacteria causing the infection and the patient's overall health. It is essential to finish the entire course of antibiotics prescribed, even if symptoms get better, to guarantee the complete elimination of the infection. Over-the-counter pain medication can help to relieve any discomfort.
Preventing UTIs
Alongside medical treatment, several self-care strategies can help alleviate symptoms and prevent future UTIs:
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, helps dilute urine and ensures frequent urination, flushing bacteria from the urinary tract.
- Eat a healthy diet: Giving your body the right nutrition helps it to stay healthy and fight off infections before they take hold.
- Hygiene practices: Maintaining good personal hygiene, especially around the genital area. Wiping from front to back after using the toilet and urinating before and after sex can reduce the risk of bacterial transfer. Try using moist tissues specifically designed for intimate hygiene.
- Avoid irritants: Avoiding irritants like harsh soaps or sprays, changing out of wet swimwear or gym clothing quickly, and not delaying urination can be beneficial. Also, limiting or avoiding caffeinated or alcoholic drinks can prevent the bladder from becoming irritated.
- Proper posture can also help prevent UTIs. For those who struggle to empty their bladder fully, leaning slightly forward while sitting on the toilet can help. This position enables the bladder to empty more completely, reducing the chances of bacteria growing in leftover urine. It is also important to take your time when urinating and ensure the bladder is completely empty, even if you are in a hurry.
- Choose cotton: Using cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes can help keep the area around the urethra dry. Harmful bacteria grow better in moist conditions.
Those experiencing symptoms of a UTI such as pain during urination, frequent urination, pelvic pain, or blood in urine should consult their healthcare provider. Additional symptoms that require immediate medical attention include high fever, chills, confusion, or pain in the lower back or side, which could indicate a more serious infection.
Stopping Urinary Tract Infections
In summary, UTIs are infections primarily caused by the migration of bacteria from the bowel to the urethra. While sexual activity can elevate the risk of developing a UTI, these infections are not sexually transmitted infections (STIs), nor are they contagious. However, due to similar symptoms, misdiagnosis of STIs can occur. Effective prevention of UTIs involves maintaining proper hygiene, urinating after sexual activity and staying hydrated to ensure urinary health
Sources
Hagerty, J. A., (2016) Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR). Nemours Kids Health. [online] Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vesicoureteral-reflux.html [accessed 05/06/24]
Cooper, B., (2024) Bacterial vs. Viral Infection: Tips for Identification and Treatment. Healthnews. [online] Available at: https://healthnews.com/health-conditions/immunity-infections/bacterial-vs-viral-infection/ [accessed 05/06/24]
