Head Lice: Spot, Treat & Keep Them Away

In this guide

Head lice are extremely common in the UK, affecting both children and adults. They are small, wingless insects that live on the scalp and feed on blood. Despite myths, lice cannot fly, jump, or burrow into the scalp — they spread mainly through direct head-to-head contact.

Who Can Get Head Lice?

Anyone can be affected, regardless of hair length or cleanliness. Girls aged 4–11 are most commonly affected due to close play interactions, but lice can also be transferred between family members. Pets are not affected by head lice — they only live on humans.

Signs and Symptoms

Itching is caused by an allergic reaction to lice saliva, not the bite itself.
Some may develop rashes on the neck from lice droppings.
Visible nits (lice eggs) can be seen as small white specks on hair strands, though finding nits alone does not always indicate an active infestation.

Life Cycle of a Louse

Female lice lay eggs (nits) that are white and about the size of a pinhead.
Eggs hatch in about seven days, and young lice begin feeding on the scalp.
Female lice can start laying eggs nine days after hatching, continuing the cycle if not treated.

Detection

Wet detection combing is a reliable method to spot lice:

Wash hair with shampoo and conditioner.
Use a fine-tooth comb to comb from root to tip in sections.
Look for live lice and nits on the comb or hair.

Treatment and Prevention

Treat only if live lice are present.
Use wet combing or medicated sprays and lotions according to instructions.
Check all household members to prevent re-infestation.
Repeat treatment as recommended to ensure lice are fully removed.
Consult your local pharmacy for specialist advice, treatment options, and fine-tooth combs.