What Is Emergency Contraception & How Does It Work? [Full Guide]

If you’ve had unprotected sex or are worried about pregnancy risk, emergency contraception can reduce the chance of getting pregnant.

But what is emergency contraception, how does it work, and when should you use it?

If you’re looking for answers, keep reading!

What Is Emergency Contraception?

Emergency contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or when regular contraception has failed.

It is not intended to replace ongoing contraception, but it can be used as a backup option in urgent situations.

It works either by preventing or delaying ovulation or by preventing fertilisation. It can’t end an established pregnancy.

Types of Emergency Contraception

There are two main methods of emergency contraception:

1. Emergency contraceptive pills.
2. An IUD (intrauterine device) or copper coil.

Let’s take a more detailed look:

1. Emergency Contraceptive Pill (or Morning-After Pill)

The emergency contraception pill is a single tablet taken after unprotected sex to reduce the risk of pregnancy. According to the NHS, 1 to 2 women in every 100 who take an emergency contraceptive pill will still get pregnant.

There are two main types of morning-after pills used in the UK:

• Levonorgestrel (brands include Levonelle)
• Ulipristal acetate (brands include ellaOne)

How does the morning-after pill work?

The emergency contraceptive pill works mainly by preventing or delaying ovulation.

It does not:

1. Interrupt an established pregnancy.
2. Cause an abortion.
3. Protect against STIs.

Because ovulation timing varies, understanding your menstrual cycle may help!

When should I take the emergency contraceptive pill?

Generally, you should take it as soon as possible after unprotected sex.

More specifically:

• Levonorgestrel: Take it within 72 hours (3 days) after sex.
• Ulipristal acetate: Take it within 120 hours (5 days) after sex.

Read also: Emergency Contraceptive Pill: Check This Before You Buy It!

2. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

An intrauterine device (IUD or copper coil) is a small plastic T-shaped device inserted into the womb by a specially trained nurse or doctor.

It is the most effective form of emergency contraception, as it protects you from getting pregnant in more than 99% of cases. This means that fewer than 1 in 100 people who use an IUD will get pregnant.

How do IUDs work?

They work by releasing copper (which is toxic to sperm) into the womb. As a result:

1. It prevents sperm from reaching or fertilising an egg.
2. It makes the womb lining thinner, making it less likely for the egg to attach to the uterine wall.

IUDs do not:

• Disrupt an existing pregnancy.
• Stop you from getting or passing an STI.

Once inserted, an IUD can last for up to 5 or 10 years (depending on the type).

When should I use an IUD?

An IUD can be fitted within 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex.

In Which Cases Can Emergency Contraception Be Used?

Emergency contraception can be used in a number of different situations:

• You had unprotected sex.
• The condom broke, slipped, or was used incorrectly.
• You missed regular contraceptive pills.
• You vomited soon after taking your pill.
• You delayed starting a new pack of pills (by the way, learn when you can start taking the contraceptive pill).
• You were sexually assaulted (and forced to have sex without contraception).

What Are the Side Effects of Emergency Contraception?

Emergency Contraceptive Pills

• Headache (learn how to get rid of a headache)
• Nausea
• Period-like pain and cramping (browse all our period pain relief products)

IUDs

• Period-like pain
• Bleeding between periods
• Heavier, longer, or more painful periods
• Chances of getting thrush (see our full guide on thrush)

Where Can I Get Emergency Contraception?

You can get the emergency pill or IUD free from:

• Sexual health clinics (family planning or contraception clinics)
• GP surgeries

The emergency contraceptive pill is also available from:

• Some NHS walk-in centres
• Pharmacies offering NHS emergency contraception services
• Some young people’s services

What Is Emergency Contraception — Summary

Emergency contraception is a safe and effective way to reduce pregnancy risk after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. It is crucial that you use it correctly and within the recommended timeframe.

It’s suitable for occasional use, but it should not replace regular contraception. For more reliable, ongoing protection, explore your options through Weldricks’ online contraception consultation and order the contraceptive pill that suits you!